Thread: Florida Conservatives Fight for Repeal of Transgender Restroom Rule

Louisiana school board president blasts feds on transgender rule

Louisiana's top elected official for schools blasted the Obama administration's directive on the bathroom rights of transgender students Friday (May 13), calling it federal overreach. But Jim Garvey, the Metairie Republican who is president of the Board of Elementary and Secondary Education, then washed his hands, saying it's up to local school boards to decide what to do.

His statement came after the U.S. Education and Justice departments sent an advisory letter telling public schools across the country that they must let transgender students use the restroom that the student prefers -- or risk losing federal funding. The letter came in the middle of a court case with North Carolina, which passed a law requiring students to use the restroom that corresponds with the gender on their birth certificate.

In addition to Garvey's statement, 32 Louisiana lawmakers sent a letter urging state Attorney General Jeff Landry to opine on both the federal advisory and Gov. John Bel Edwards' April executive order protecting transgender state employees and agency clients from discrimination. Landry plays no role in determining Louisiana education policy but takes a conservative stance on gay and transgender issues.

Louisiana schools received more than $1.1 billion from the federal government this year, Education Department spokesman Ken Pastorick said. The money pays for everything from tutoring to lunch to preschool.



Another strong reaction came from the Louisiana Family Forum, the state's strongest religious conservative group, which immediately launched the "Protect Louisiana Children" project. President Gene Mills said the Obama policy was "insane" and called on Landry to push back.

But otherwise, most Louisiana education officials and advocates took a distinctly cautious stance -- or said nothing at all.

Too soon to say

Edwards and Education Superintendent John White refused to weigh in on the federal advisory. Both sent statements from spokesmen saying they were reviewing the guidance and that it seemed only to clarify existing law: Title IX, which prohibits discrimination based on gender.

Garvey, who is a lawyer, disagreed. By his reading, Title IX did not prohibit discrimination based on sexual orientation. "If Congress now wants to get the federal government involved in our local schools' bathroom issues, it could pass an amendment to that legislation that would include such language," he said.

However, Garvey said his first impression was that his board could not control local school systems' policies on transgender students and bathroom use because "the Louisiana Constitution and law prohibits BESE from getting involved in day-to-day level operations" of school systems.

The St. Tammany and Jefferson public school systems are reviewing the guidance, spokeswomen said. Jefferson Parish Public Schools policies prohibit bullying and harassment based on sexual orientation, but do not mention gender expression. St. Tammany policy is less specific, saying no one will be discriminated against on the basis of sex as per Title IX.

Orleans public school officials did not answer questions about whether they would implement the federal guidance. The Orleans Parish School Board has protections for transgender students, specifying that they cannot be harassed based on "gender identity or expression" or sexual orientation. However, 76 of the city's 82 public schools are charters that set their own policies.

The Archdiocese of New Orleans, whose schools receive some federal money, did not have answers Friday about how they would treat the advisory.

Scott Richard, director of the Louisiana School Boards Association, said it would be premature to issue any guidance now. He plans to meet with White and lawyers, he said, and to see what the Louisiana Legislature and national school boards association have to say -- and possibly the U.S. Supreme Court, if the North Carolina case ends up there.

Richard acknowledged that with the state in a budget crisis, and local taxes suffering in some areas, the possibility of losing federal money caused trepidation. More broadly, he said transgender restroom access "really hasn't been a hot topic. Everything's been consumed by the budget."

However, he said, "As we evolve as a society, it's an area that school boards and all local governmental bodies will have to address more directly."

Hollis Milton of West Feliciana, head of the state superintendents association, said fortunately the directive was timed so that districts had "a small window to see where they are as far as policies, procedures and communication for the coming school year." Most Louisiana public schools let out for the summer this month.

Arguments and reasoningEven examined closely, Edwards' statement was mild. Spokesman Richard Carbo said the governor would work with the Louisiana Education Department "to meet our shared goal of fostering a safe, non-discriminatory environment for our children."

Pastorick, speaking for the education superintendent, went a small step further. "Louisiana's children deserve to be treated fairly, no matter their race, sex or gender identity," he said. He also reframed the federal directive as a family matter, saying it would "require schools to grant specific rights to children based on the gender identity listed by their parents."

Writing to Landry, the 32 lawmakers said they "strongly believe that every person deserves respect and dignity as a human being, endowed with inalienable rights and inestimable value by their Creator." However, "at the same time, we believe that keeping the sexes separate for the purposes of bathroom and locker room access, for example, is important for the privacy and safety of the children and adults of our state."

Small-government conservatives frequently contend that the Obama administration has overstepped its bounds. North Carolina Gov. Pat McCrory said so this week over the restroom fight. It's what former Gov. Bobby Jindal said in 2014 when he sued the U.S. Education Department to try to get rid of the Common Core mathematics and English standards.

And that's why it sounded distinctly odd coming from Garvey. He was pro–Common Core in 2014. But on Friday, he tried to walk that back.

"The last time that the executive branch of the federal government overreached its authority and got involved in local school issues, with Common Core, things did not work out well at all," Garvey said. "Louisiana has spent a lot of time and effort over the last 3 years fixing the problems that were created by that federal and presidential overreach. And we are still not finished working to fix those problems."

Garvey's board has approved new standards that lightly edit Common Core.

Across the U.S., reaction ran the gamut, according to local news reports. Many officials issued cautious non-responses similar to those of Edwards and White. More liberal states such as California and Massachusetts cheered. But Texas Lt. Gov. Dan Patrick called the directive "blackmail" and vowed to reject about $10 billion in federal money rather than let a child born male use the girls' bathroom, according to the Associated Press.



http://www.nola.com/education/index....restrooms.html

A Call for National Civil Disobedience to Obama’s Public School Transgender Bathroom Mandate

There are times in history when obedience to God means disobedience to man. This is one of those times.

Now that the Obama administration has announced that public schools must allow boys who identify as girls to use the girls’ bathrooms and locker rooms – meaning, in effect, that teenage girls must undress and shower in the presence of biological males – it is time to say, “With all respect to the authority of the federal government, we refuse to comply with your mandate.”

Across the nation, parents, school boards, principles, administrators and teachers must say no to President Obama and his administration. They must do it for the sake of the children. They must do it for the sake of moral sanity. They must do it to honor the Lord.

Enough is enough. Too many lines have been crossed, too many moral values have been trashed, and too much common sense has been ignored, all in the name of radical LGBT activism.

Now that activism has gone too far. Let’s remember that:

■Kids who identify as transgender represent the tiniest minority of the population, perhaps two or three out of a thousand.

■The great majority of kids who identify as transgender do not do so once they pass through puberty, so for most of them this is a temporary condition.

■Some parents of transgender-identified kids, along with LGBT activists, have rejected compassionate solutions for these kids (such as letting them use a faculty, single-stall bathroom). Instead they insist that the child’s struggles be imposed on the rest of the students.

■Parents of transgender-identified kids, along with LGBT activists, have also sought to introduce radical transgender curricula to students as young as 5.

■Schools are ignoring reports of other children feeling violated, embarrassed, and even traumatized by the presence of kids of the opposite biological sex in their bathrooms and locker rooms, and the parents of those traumatized kids have been told that nothing can be done because of laws against discrimination based on gender identity.

■Already one university that introduced gender neutral shower stalls had to reevaluate its policy after heterosexual males were caught using cell phones to record the girls showering in the adjoining stalls.

■Some kids have admitted to using transgender identity as a way to push back against the “dominant society.”

■In the vast majority of cases, we are not talking about children with biological or chromosomal abnormalities, and mental health professionals and brain scientists still do not agree as to the exact nature of transgender identification. (Is it a mental disorder? Is perception now reality? Is it the best course of action to give hormone blockers to children, followed by sex-change surgery and then hormones for life?)

■The American College of Pediatricians (branded a “hate group” by its radical critics) issued a documented statement urging “educators and legislators to reject all policies that condition children to accept as normal a life of chemical and surgical impersonation of the opposite sex. Facts — not ideology — determine reality.” (The statement is titled, “Gender Ideology Harms Children.”)

Despite all this, the Obama administration has now mandated that all public schools turn their entire programs upside down because of the struggles of perhaps two or three students out of one thousand.

Not only so, but the Obama administration is doing this without any legal authority, misinterpreting Title IX requirements against discriminating based on “sex”— which has historically referred to biological sex— as if “sex” now included “gender identity,” which has an infinite number of subjective possibilities.

Recall that Facebook in 2014, under pressure from transgender activists, decided to offer 50 different ways to define your gender, including ten different identities simultaneously. Yet not even this departure from reality was enough. They subsequently added the choice, “Fill in the blank.”

Yet the Obama administration now wants to force all public schools to embrace these “realities,” at the expense of the rest of the student body. This is nothing less than social madness and it must be resisted. Parents and administrators and teachers must say, “We respect and honor our government, but we cannot in good conscience comply, regardless of cost or consequence.”

There was a time in our national history when our forefathers concluded, “Rebellion against tyrants is obedience to God,” launching the American Revolution. There was a time when the apostles told the national leadership, “We must obey God rather than men” (Acts 5:29). There was a time when Dr. Martin Luther King told his hearers, “A man dies when he refuses to stand up for that which is right. A man dies when he refuses to stand up for justice. A man dies when he refuses to take a stand for that which is true.”

We find ourselves in a similar situation today, one in which, to quote Dr. King again, a person “must take a position that is neither safe, nor politic, nor popular, but he must take it because conscience tells him it is right.”

Today, our conscience tells us this is right.

As Americans, especially as Christian Americans, we want to be tolerant, loving and accepting. We want to help people in their struggles. We want to embrace those who are different. We want to reach out to those who are marginalized. Yet we can do this without sacrificing our children on the altar of political correctness and radical LGBT activism.

Let us stand together as one and say, “Enough is enough, and we will not comply.”

I urge all persons of conscience who are educators to state their position clearly. I urge every parent to contact their local public school and, with respect and firmness, state their position clearly, and I urge every student to be kind to their fellow students while holding fast to that which is right, working together with their parents for the best interests of their schools.

For some this will mean withdrawing from the public school system. For others, it will mean staying with and working to reform the public school system. Either way, it means decisive, uncompromising action.

Let us, then, commemorate this date not so much as the day when the Obama administration crossed a dangerous line. Let us commemorate it more as the day the nation woke up to righteousness.

It’s time.

https://stream.org/call-national-civ...hroom-mandate/

Kentucky Gov. Matt Bevin:

“It is difficult to imagine a more absurd federal overreach into a local issue. Under the Tenth Amendment to the United States Constitution, the federal government has no authority to interfere in local school districts' bathroom policies. The President is not promoting unity. In fact, he is doing quite the opposite. He is intentionally dividing America by threatening to sue or withhold funding from our cash-strapped public schools if they do not agree with his personal opinion on policies that remain squarely in their jurisdiction. They should not feel compelled to bow to such intimidation. My administration is researching the options available for ensuring that this local issue is decided by Kentuckians, not by bureaucrats in Washington."

http://www.cincinnati.com/story/news...tion/84332296/

Administration issues decree on transgender access in public schools; Texas Gov. defies His Majesty

Posted at 12:51 am on May 13, 2016

We know that President Obama isn’t royalty because he said so himself in 2013, when pressed on the question of why he wasn’t issuing executive actions to speed immigration reform along. “I’m not a king,” he confessed to viewers of Univision and Telemundo, obviously frustrated by the fact.

That was years ago; is he a king now? The Obama administration has issued a directive which is being sent to school districts Friday requiring them to allow students to use whichever restroom and locker room matches their gender identity.


http://twitchy.com/brettt-3136/2016/...s-his-majesty/

Administration issues decree on transgender access in public schools; Texas Gov. defies His Majesty

Posted at 12:51 am on May 13, 2016

We know that President Obama isn’t royalty because he said so himself in 2013, when pressed on the question of why he wasn’t issuing executive actions to speed immigration reform along. “I’m not a king,” he confessed to viewers of Univision and Telemundo, obviously frustrated by the fact.

That was years ago; is he a king now? The Obama administration has issued a directive which is being sent to school districts Friday requiring them to allow students to use whichever restroom and locker room matches their gender identity.


http://twitchy.com/brettt-3136/2016/...s-his-majesty/

Interesting...

Copy and paste please

"For the younger voters.... here is a bit of Hillary I am betting you wont remember...

Many people who may vote in the democratic primary election and the general election in 2016 have no real knowledge of Mrs. Clinton or her accomplishments. As a public service, I thought I would provide some input regarding her triumphs for consideration.

When Bill Clinton was president, he allowed Hillary to assume authority over a health care reform. Even after threats and intimidation, she couldn’t even get a vote in a democratic controlled congress. This fiasco cost the American taxpayers about $13 million in cost for studies, promotion, and other efforts.

Then President Clinton gave Hillary authority over selecting a female attorney general. Her first two selections were Zoe Baird and Kimba Wood – both were forced to withdraw their names from consideration. Next she chose Janet Reno – husband Bill described her selection as “my worst mistake.” Some may not remember that Reno made the decision to gas David Koresh and the Branch Davidian religious sect in Waco, Texas resulting in dozens of deaths of women and children.

Husband Bill allowed Hillary to make recommendations for the head of the Civil Rights Commission. Lani Guanier was her selection. When a little probing led to the discovered of Ms. Guanier’s radical views, her name had to be withdrawn from consideration.

Apparently a slow learner, husband Bill allowed Hillary to make some more recommendations. She chose former law partners Web Hubbel for the Justice Department, Vince Foster for the White House staff, and William Kennedy for the Treasury Department. Her selections went well: Hubbel went to prison, Foster (presumably) committed suicide, and Kennedy was forced to resign.
Many younger voters will have no knowledge of “Travelgate.” Hillary wanted to award unfettered travel contracts to Clinton friend Harry Thompson – and the White House Travel Office refused to comply. She managed to have them reported to the FBI and fired. This ruined their reputations, cost them their jobs, and caused a thirty-six month investigation. Only one employee, Billy Dale was charged with a crime, and that of the enormous crime of mixing personal and White House funds. A jury acquitted him of any crime in less than two hours
Still not convinced of her ineptness, Hillary was allowed to recommend a close Clinton friend, Craig Livingstone, for the position of Director of White House security. When Livingstone was investigated for the improper access of about 900 FBI files of Clinton enemies (Filegate) and the widespread use of drugs by White House staff, suddenly Hillary and the president denied even knowing Livingstone, and of course, denied knowledge of drug use in the White House. Following this debacle, the FBI closed its White House Liaison Office after more than thirty years of service to seven presidents.

Next, when women started coming forward with allegations of sexual harassment and rape by Bill Clinton, Hillary was put in charge of the “bimbo eruption” and scandal defense. Some of her more notable decisions in the debacle were:
· She urged her husband not to settle the Paula Jones lawsuit. After the Starr investigation they settled with Ms. Jones.
· She refused to release the Whitewater documents, which led to the appointment of Ken Starr as Special Prosecutor. After $80 million dollars of taxpayer money was spent, Starr’s investigation led to Monica Lewinsky, which led to Bill lying about and later admitting his affairs.
· Hillary’s devious game plan resulted in Bill losing his license to practice law for lying under oath to a grand jury and then his subsequent impeachment by the House of Representatives.
· Hillary avoided indictment for perjury and obstruction of justice during the Starr investigation by repeating, “I do not recall,” “I have no recollection,” and “I don’t know” a total of 56 times while under oath.
· After leaving the White House, Hillary was forced to return an estimated $200,000 in White House furniture, china, and artwork that she had stolen.

Now we are exposed to: the destruction of possibly incriminating emails while Hillary was Secretary of State and the “pay to play” schemes of the Clinton Foundation – we have no idea what shoe will fall next.

But to her loyal fans" – “what difference does it make"

Expose this criminal for what she is. ..share a million times for those who are unaware of her corrupt history.

Ross Stores Allowing Men into Women’s Bathrooms and Dressing Rooms
Seems that Ross stores did not learn from Target’s mistake, allowing men to invade the privacy rights of women and little girls.
Posted on May 22nd, 2016

Lisa Stickles was upset upon learning the hard way that the chain has no problem allowing men to use the same dressing room as her at a Ross in Mesquite, Texas.

When she heard a deep voice, as she was in the women’s changing room, she notified the Ross manager and did not get a very good response!

Chicks on the Right reports: http://www.chicksontheright.com/ross...nder-identity/

“She went inside the dressing room, came right back out and called me to the side and told me he was representing himself as a woman today,” Stickles said.

He was representing himself as a woman today. As if that’s a thing that changes regularly.

A Ross customer service representative refused to comment on that particular incident but said Ross doesn’t “discriminate” against the transgender community.

He felt like he was a woman, “today”!

Yes, “TODAY!”

THAT is the issue! It has nothing to do with transgendered Ross!! It has to do with the millions of other men that you just gave carte blanche to walk into a women’s facility for whatever purpose!

I will say it again, men who really live dressed as women have been using women’s restrooms and dressing rooms for decades, without issue! These bathroom laws, decrees, ordinances and policies have nothing to do with the .03% of the population that are transgendered. All they do is trample the right of privacy for women and little girls with the sole purpose of pushing an agenda!

Target is a huge company, it has a huge boycott against it and lost a big chunk of it’s stock value. Ross is not quite so big and a boycott will affect it much more I am sure!

You would think, as they have a huge clientele of women, that Ross would think first before they walked into such insanity…

Faith Driven Consumer, representing 41 million Americans that spend $2 trillion annually, recently announced a national “buycott” effort to encourage shoppers to chose Walmart, Academy Sports, Hobby Lobby, and seven other chains as an alternative to Target.

I guess we add Ross to Target as stores to avoid!

(I would like to also mention that Academy Sports has a great 2nd Amendment policy as well, allowing open carry. Just leave the gun in it’s holster and you will have no issue!) #JustSayin


- See more at: http://silenceisconsent.net/ross-sto....YuHhlISu.dpuf



- See more at: http://silenceisconsent.net/ross-sto....YuHhlISu.dpuf

someone tell me this is false ...

The MOST DANGEROUS Thing In Obama’s Transgender Policy You Didn’t Know

By Robert Gehl

There’s one part of Barack Obama’s letter to all public schools and universities about “transgender accommodation” that the media – and the rest of us – have overlooked.

It has nothing to do with bathrooms or locker rooms, either – but something much worse. Obama’s federal “guidance” requires that:

1) School districts must allow males and females to spend the night together in the same hotel on school field trips.

2) Colleges must let men who claim to be transgender room with women.

3) School officials are not permitted to tell the women (or their parents) that their new roommate is a man.

It’s crystal clear and plainly worded in the letter: http://www2.ed.gov/about/offices/lis...ransgender.pdf

Housing and Overnight Accommodations. Title IX allows a school to provide separate housing on the basis of sex.22 But a school must allow transgender students to access housing consistent with their gender identity and may not require transgender students to stay in single-occupancy accommodations or to disclose personal information when not required of other students.

LifeSiteNews was first to report this. They also noticed something important: https://www.lifesitenews.com/blogs/n...of-obamas-tran

While many opponents of Barack Obama’s new “accommodations” for transgender people, claim that the term “transgender” is vague, in fact it is not.

The eight-page letter clearly states that, as far as the Justice Department and the Dept. of Education are concerned, a [I]student becomes a member of the opposite sex the moment he feels like it.[/I] The instant he tells school officials about his decision, they must immediately treat him accordingly.

“When a student or the student’s parent or guardian, as appropriate, notifies the school administration that the student will assert a gender identity that differs from previous representations or records, the school will begin treating the student consistent with the student’s gender identity,” the letter says.

And there is no maximum number of times a student can “switch” their genders. “For some people, gender is not just about being male or female,” CNN reported. “In fact, how one identifies can change every day or even every few hours.” So, theoretically, one could be male during homeroom, female during gym class, then male again before he gets on the bus – and the school district is bound to comply every step of the way.

“

Suppose a teenage boy discovers he is “transgender” just in time to spend the night in his girlfriend’s hotel room? Or the hotel room of a girl who is decidedly not his girlfriend? He must be allowed to do so without a chaperone, unless there’s an adult in every room. Don’t forget, under civil rights law, there can be no disparate treatment. If transgender students are chaperoned but “other” girls aren’t, that’s profiling and could trigger a federal civil rights lawsuit from the social justice warriors in the Obama administration or its like-minded successors.

Remember: These new rules – right or wrong – are being imposed upon us without a single lawmaker voting for it. No debate, no discussion. Just a decision by Barack Obama and his Justice Department.

http://www.thefederalistpapers.org/u...you-didnt-know

Recently, an interim ACLU director of Georgia's office, realised that just . . . MAYBE that the ACLU had bitten off more than they can chew. She resigned. Here is her story, with my comments afterwards :

Maya Dillard Smith, interim director of the Georgia chapter of the ACLU, resigned after her own young daughters were traumatized by having to share a bathroom with grown men.

“I have shared my personal experience of having taken my elementary school age daughters into a women’s restroom when shortly after three transgender young adults, over six feet [tall] with deep voices, entered,” she said in a statement.

“My children were visibly frightened, concerned about their safety and left asking lots of questions for which I, like many parents, was ill-prepared to answer,” she added.

Explaining her resignation, Smith questioned the ACLU’s support of legislation favored by the transgender lobby.

The African-American mother accused the ACLU of having become “a special interest organization that promotes not all, but certain progressive rights.”



See Also : ACLU leader quits after daughters encounter men in the women’s restroom

-------------------

Progressive? I believe when REALITY literally shows its FACE, or faces, then this is where things get interesting.
In Baton Rouge, a well-known politician of ill-ilk was saying for years the VIRTUES of Public Schools. And yet, for some inexplicable reason, he chose to put his daughter into a University Laboratory school setting. Are we getting the picture yet?

High School BOY Dominates GIRLS Track and Field Events

http://www.youngcons.com/high-school...ack-and-field/

GLAAD celebrates Women’s Junior College Basketball player Gabrielle Ludwig:
because He’s a 6 foot 8, 230 pound, 50 year-old Man.
December 6, 2012



Ludwig

GLAAD celebrates a new LGBT hero on their website today: a heterosexual 50 year-old, six-foot-eight, 230lb man embarking on his women’s junior college basketball career after having his California birth certificate changed to “female” on November 30.

Five days ago Robert Ludwig was just a man with a dream. Since Friday, he has “become female”. Five days ago Robert was a past-his-prime male athlete. Today he is a “female” athlete embarking on a new career

GLAAD (Gay and LESBIAN Alliance Against Defamation) champions the rights of middle-aged men to compete against 18 year-old female athletes in women’s sports, as long as those men have declared strong internalized beliefs in sex-based stereotypes.

GLAAD strongly supports the rights of 50 year old heterosexual men to live out their fantasies parlaying male musculature into careers in women’s sports thirty years past their prime: but only if those men voluntarily adopt the sex-based stereotypes that are enforced without consent upon females. This is because GLAAD believes such sex-based stereotypes actually make women female. GLAAD does not support title IX rights for female persons, because GLAAD does not believe the female sex exists. Further, GLAAD does not believe in the worldwide reality of sex-based oppression of females, and actively lobbies against the rights of females to organize, meet, and compete based on sex. Instead, GLAAD believes in sex-roles. Blue is for boys, Pink is for girls.

Blue is for Boys. Pink is for Girls.

In the USA Today article that GLAAD applauds, their hero Gabrielle Ludwig refers to the 18 to 20 year-old young women on the Mission College basketball team as “a bunch of dysfunctional lesbians”.

Ludwig goes on in the same article to dismiss a female player’s complaint that it is unfair that he is eligible to compete against her. He states: “They have been in this world 18 measly years. This 18 year old has not the slightest clue what life is about. It’s when they grow up. If that comment came from someone like you [male reporter Eric Prisbell] , that would sting and I would need to find a home for that comment.”

The twice divorced father is an 8 year Navy and Desert Storm veteran now working as a Genetic Systems Engineer at Roche Molecular Diagnostics in Silicone Valley. Robert takes 12 credits of online community college coursework in order to qualify for the team. From the Mission College website: “We have excellent transfer programs and general education courses that will promote your journey to four year institutions and prepare you for higher level learning whether it is the California State System, the University System or a Private University. We also have exemplary signature programs that help to prepare you for the workforce in many areas: Nursing, Fire Technology, Hospitality Management, and many others. Mission can provide classes that will catch you up in math, English, ESL or other areas that provide foundational skills to serve you in any future courses.”

GLAAD’s hero Gabrielle/ Robert John Ludwig played men’s college basketball 33 years ago. California Community College Athletic Association’s bylaws limit undergraduate athletes to two years of competition, but Robert’s time spent competing as a man was erased because it applied only to his male athletic career, not his “female” one.

What does the team coach think? From the Sillicone Valley Mercury News:

“In time,” said Corey Cafferata, her coach, “she will be the most dangerous player in the state.”

“I think at 6-foot-8, if she does some work,” Cafferata said, “I don’t see why the WNBA wouldn’t draft her and give her a shot.”

https://gendertrender.wordpress.com/...-year-old-man/